Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB), in partnership with IIT Bombay, has initiated a large-scale pilot to evaluate Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology in real-world settings. This pioneering project aims to integrate electric vehicles (EVs) with renewable energy by storing solar power in EV batteries during the day and transferring it back to the grid during periods of high demand.
The initiative will unfold in two phases. The initial phase involves an in-depth study to assess the technical and regulatory requirements for V2G operations. The subsequent phase will see the implementation of a pilot system using KSEB’s existing electricity infrastructure.
The project’s primary objective is to explore how EVs can address major grid challenges—such as managing peak-hour loads, enhancing frequency regulation, supporting rooftop solar integration, and improving the overall balance of supply and demand.
V2G technology enables parked and plugged-in EVs to serve as energy providers, supplying electricity back to the grid through specialized two-way chargers. This essentially transforms EVs into mobile energy storage units. During charging (Grid to Vehicle), EVs draw power from the grid—a process that can be optimized using smart charging strategies and time-based tariffs to reduce grid stress. When discharging, EVs feed electricity back to the grid, acting as distributed power sources.
In addition to V2G, related technologies like Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) are emerging, but experts believe V2G offers the greatest benefits for enhancing the power system.
V2G pilots are underway globally, and in some areas with high adoption of renewables, EV owners even receive payments for supplying electricity during peak demand. The technology is also proving valuable during emergencies; V2G-enabled vehicles have provided crucial backup power in disaster scenarios, and with increasing climate-related risks, more governments are considering V2G to boost grid resilience.
Kerala’s pilot could set a precedent for similar campaigns across India, supporting the country’s ambitions for clean energy and a sustainable electric mobility ecosystem.
